POSITIVE PLATE
The PbO2 Particles of the Positive Active
Mass - a Complex Open Electrochemical System
D. PAVLOV, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy
of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Two Phenomena in the Interface Between Positive Active
Material and Lead Calcium Grid
K. TAKAHASHI, N. HOSHIHARA, H. YASUDA, H. JINBO, Matsushita Battery Industrial
Co. Ltd., Sakaijuku kosai Shizuoka, Japan
The Behaviour of the PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode in Tin Ions Containing H2SO4 Electrolyte
E. VOSS, U. HULLMEINE, A. WINSEL, VARTA Batterie A.G., Forschungs- und Entwicklungszentrum,
Kelkheim, FRG
Currentless Passivation of the PbO2 Electrode
with Respect to the Influence of Sn
H. DOERING, J. GARCHE, H. DIETZ, K. WIESENER, Dresden University of Technology,
Dresden, DDR
Crystal Growth of PbO2 and its Relation
to the Capacity Loss of the Positive Plate in Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries
J. YAMASHITA, H. YUFU, Y. MATSUMARU, Yuasa Battery Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
Passivation of the Positive Electrode of the Lead-Acid
Battery - a Consequence of the Selfdischarge
J. GARCHE, Dresden University of Technology, DDR
The Oxidation Mechanism of Lead Sulfate Formed on the
Grid in Sulphuric Acid Solution
Z. TAKEHARA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Degradation of the Positive Plate in the Lead-Acid
Battery during Cycling
S. ATLUNG, B. ZACHAU-CHRISTIANSEN, The Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby,
Denmark
Survey of the Aims and Content of LEADSCAN - a Quarterly
Journal Concerned with the Lead Industry
G. MARGULIS, Lead Development Association, London, England
The Behaviour of the PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode in Dependence
of Charge Regimes and Small Amounts of H3PO4 in the H2SO4 Electrolyte
U. HULLMEINE, E. VOSS, A. WINSEL, VARTA Batterie A.G., Forschungs- und Entwicklungszentrum,
Kelkheim, FRG
Effect of Activators and Inhibitors on the Positive
Active Material of Lead-Acid Battery Electrodes
E. HASIK, M. PASZKIEWICZ, Central Laboratory of Batteries and Cells, Poznan,
Poland
Processes at PbSO4 Oxidation to PbO2 During Positive Plate Charge as Reflected at Microlevel
D. PAVLOV*, D. SIMONSSON**, E. BASHTAVELOVA*, P.EKDUNGE**
* Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of
Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
** Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Mechanism of Pb/PbSO4 and PbO2/PbSO4 Processes
V.GONTCHAROV, Novotcherkassk Polytechnical Institute, Novotcherkassk, USSR
Considerations to the Insertion Mechanism of the Lead
Dioxide Electrode
H.W. UHLIG, VEB Berliner Akkumulatoren und Elementen-fabrik, Berlin, DDR
SMOOTH ELECTRODE
Influence of Antimony on the Electrochemical Behaviour
of Pb Electrodes in H2SO4
D. PAVLOV, B. MONAHOV, M. BOJINOV, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power
Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
G. SUNDHOLM, T. LAITINEN, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland
Film Formation in the Pb/H2SO4 System at the Pb(II)
Region
L.A. AVACA, E.R. GONZALEZ, G. TREMILIOSI-FILHO, Grupo de Eletroquimica IFQSC/USP,
Sao Carlos, Brazil
C.V. D'ALKAINE, Grupo de Eletroquimica DQ-UFSCar, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Study of the Electrode Processes in the Pb/H2SO4+ Additives
System
S. STERNBERG*, L. APATEANU**, V. BRANZOI*
* Politechnic Institute of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
** Biochemical and Chemical Energetics Institute, Bucharest, Romania
POSTERS:
Processes at Oxidation of PbO.PbSO4 Crystals to PbO2 Agglomerates During Lead-Acid Battery Positive Plate Formation
D. PAVLOV, E. BASHTAVELOVA, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources,
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Structure of the PbO2 Particles of Lead-Acid
Battery Positive Plate Active Mass
I. BALKANOV, D. PAVLOV, Central Laboratory of Electro-chemical Power Sources,
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
P. RACHEV, Central Institute of Computer Technics and Technology, Sofia, Bulgaria
Influence of Sb, As and Bi on the Reversibility of
Processes Occuring at the PbO2 Plate During Cycling
D. PAVLOV, A. DAKHOUCHE, T. ROGACHEV, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical
Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Corrosion of Lead Alloys at Reversal Polarization
Z. GEORGIEV, Higher Institute of Chemical Technology, Sofia, Bulgaria
MODELLING
Modelling the CCA Performance of SLI Batteries
M.T. LOPONEN, P. JALAS, NESTE Oy, Corporate R & D, Porvoo, Finland
A Simple Model of the Lead-Acid Battery
M. MAJA, P. SPINELLI, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
The PbO2/PbSO4 Electrode as an
Example of a "Kugel-haufen" Electrode
A. WINSEL, E. VOSS, U. HULLMEINE, VARTA Batterie A.G., Forschungs- und Entwicklungszentrum,
Kelkheim, FRG
Mathematical Modelling of a Lead-Acid Battery with
Tubular Electrodes
O.E. ABDEL-SALAM, University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
Mathematical Models for the Anodic Polarization Curves of the Positive
Electrode
P. BJORNBOM, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Mathematical Modelling of the Current-Potential Curves
Obtained in the Pb/H2SO4 System
S. STERNBERG*, L. APATEANU**, V. BRANZOI*
* Politechnic Institute of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
** Biochemical and Chemical Energetics Institute, Bucharest, Romania
NEGATIVE PLATE
Effect of Organic Additives on Negative Mass
S.L. GUST, E.HAEMEENOJA, NESTE Oy, Corporate R & D, Porvoo, Finland
J.AHL, T.LAITINEN, A.SAVONEN, G.SUNDHOLM, Helsinki University of Technology
Espoo, Finland)
The Design of Additives to Enhance the Performance
of the Lead Anode in Sulphuric Acid
B.H.SIMON, I.G.MAWSTON, G.A.WRIGHT, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Corrosion of the Pb-Sb Alloy as Negative Plate Grid
in H2SO4 Solution
HUA SHOUNAN, GUO YONLANG, NANG ZENGRUE, Shandong University, Shandong, China
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Free Convection
and Stratification of Electrolyte in a Lead-Acid Cell
A. EKLUND, D. SIMONSSON, F. ALAVYOON, R. KARLSSON, F.H. BARK, The Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Method for Measurement of the Lead-Acid Battery Internal
Resistance During Charge and Discharge
K. KORDESCH, Technical University, Graz, Austria
Effect of Silicate and Antimonate Additives on Hydrogen
Evolution on the Porous Lead Electrode in Sulphuric Acid
K. VIJAYMOHAN, S. SATHYANARAYANA, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
S.N. JOSHI, UB-MEK Batteries Ltd., Bangalore, India
MEASUREMENT METHODS
Impedance of Porous Electrochemical Systems. Active
Mass of Lead-Acid Battery
K.V. RYBALKA, L.A. BEKETAEVA, Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, Moscow,
USSR
Nonstationary Impedance Analysis of Lead-Acid Batteries
Z. STOYNOV, B. SAVOVA-STOYNOVA, T. KOSSEV, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical
Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Impedance Measurements of Lead Sodium Sulphate Solution
Electrode System - Synthesis of AC Analogue Circuit
M. BOJINOV, B. MONAHOV, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources,
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Impedance Study of the Intercell Welds of SLI Batteries
Z. STOYNOV, B. SAVOVA-STOYNOVA, T. KOSSEV, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical
Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Automatic Control of Through-Wall Intercell Connections
of Automotive Lead-Acid Batteries
P.HORVATH, E.KADAR, S. KULCSAR, Research Institute of Electrical Industry, Budapest,
Hungary
Time Effects in Conductivity Measurements of Lead-Acid
Battery Electrodes
M. CALABEK, Technical University, Brno, CSSR
K. MICKA, Heyrovsky Institute, Prague, CSSR
Measurement of Contact Resistances between Active Mass
and Current Collector in Lead-Acid Battery Electrodes
K. MICKA, Heyrovsky Institute, Prague, CSSR
M. CALABEK, Technical University, Brno, CSSR
Cell Separator Testing Method Based on Measuring the
Local Cross Section Electrical Resistance
V.V. IONOV, V.V. ISAKEVITCH, Polytechnical Institute, Vladimir, USSR
E.E. KATALEVSKY, A.J. CHERNOKOS, NPO "Polimersintez", Vladimir, USSR
SEALED LEAD-ACID BATTERIES.
GAS RECOMBINATION
Evolution of Gas-Recombination Lead-Acid Cells and
Batteries
R.F. NELSON, Gates Energy Products Inc., Warrensburg, Mi, USA
Lead-Acid Recombination Batteries. Principles and Applications
N.E. BAGSHAW, Consultant, Stockport, England
Maintenance Free Motive Power Cells Using Gas Recombination
Technology
J.M. STEVENSON, F. WILSON, Chloride Industrial Batteries, Salford, England
Gas Recombining Batteries. From Basics to Batteries
in Service
S.WARRELL, Chloride Industrial Batteries, Salford, England
Improved Gelled-Electrolyte Lead-Acid Batteries for
Deep-Discharge Applications
J. STREBE, B. REICHMAN, B. MAHATO, K. BULLOCK, Johnson Controls Inc., Milwaukee,
Wi, USA
Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries. Theory and Applications
H. TUPHORN, Accumulatorenfabrik Sonnenschein GmbH, Budingen, FRG
Tungsten Carbide Electrodes for Gas Recombination in
Lead-Acid Batteries
I.NIKOLOV, G.PAPAZOV, V.NAIDENOV, T.VITANOV, D.PAVLOV, Central Laboratory of
Electrochemical Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Sealed Lead-Acid Battery with Recombination Electrodes
G.PAPAZOV, I.NIKOLOV, M.BOJINOV, D.PAVLOV, T.VITANOV Central Laboratory of Electrochemical
Power Sources, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Reference Electrode and Gassing Studies of Lead-Acid
Charge/Discharge Processes
J. MAGYAR, R.F. NELSON, Gates Energy Products Inc., Warrensburg, Mi, USA
Some Problems of Sealed Lead-Acid Battery Development
I.A. AGUF, Accumulator Institute, Leningrad, USSR
Measures for Minimizing the Hydrogen Pressure in Sealed
Lead-Acid Batteries
H. DIETZ, H. DOERING, J. GARCHE, K. WIESENER, Dresden University of Technology,
Dresden, DDR
Improved Theoretical Approach to Sealed Cells Investigations.
First Results
M. MAJA, N. PENAZZI, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Lead Dioxide in Sulphuric
Acid Solutions
M. DIMITROV, Central Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Relating Recombinant Mat Separator Performance to SLA
Battery Performance
J.Q. SELSOR, D. CROUCH, Evanite Fiber Corp., Corvallis, Ore, USA
Conditions of Recombinant Lead-Acid Battery Performance
J. KWASNIK, T. PUKACKA, M. PASZKIEWICZ, B. SZCZESNIAK, Central Laboratory of
Batteries and Cells, Poznan, Poland
Oxygen Cycle in Sealed Rechargeable Cells
J. MRHA, J. JINDRA, M. MUSILOVA, Heyrovsky Institute, Prague, CSSR
Polyaniline Coated Electrodes for Gas Recombination
in Lead-Acid Batteries
S. SARKAR, I. BASUMALLICK, DNES Battery Project, Santiniketan, India
High Performance Maintenance Free Lead-Acid Batteries
C. BOEHLE, R. KIESSLING, HAGEN Batterie AG, Soest, FRG
Influence of Cobalt Ions on the Behaviour of Maintenance
Free Lead Acid-Batteries
K.H. CHRISTIAN, R. ACKERMANN, VEB Grubenlampen- und Akkumulatorenwerke Zwickau,
DDR
TECHNOLOGY
Continuous Production of Starter Battery Plates from
Pb-Ca-Sn Strip
G. CLERICI, Magneti Marelli Battery R & D, Milan, Italy
Modern Plate Making Technology
J. McLANE, Wirtz Manufacturing Co., Inc., Port Huron, Mich, USA
New Technology for Lead-Acid Battery Positive Plate
Manufacture Based on 4PbO.PbSO4 Pastes
D. PAVLOV, N. KAPKOV, Central Laboratory of Electro-chemical Power Sources,
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
On New Achievements in the Field of Lead-Acid Battery
Construction and Technology
V.N. LEONOV, A.I. RUSIN, Accumulator Institute, Leningrad, USSR
Improving the Curing of Lead-Acid Battery Plates
R.J. HILL, D.A.J. RAND, CSIRO Division of Mineral Products, Port Melbourne,
Australia
M. McDONAGH, Oldham Crompton Batteries Ltd., Newport, England
Theoretical and Practical Considerations on Formation
F. STEFFENS, Electrona Ltd., Boudry, Switzerland
Temperature-Controlled Formation with BA/FOS-500
M. BUNGARDT, Digatron Industrie Elektronik GmbH, Aachen, FRG
The Influence of Perchlorate Ions on the Electro-formation
of Pasted Positive Plates in Lead-Acid Batteries
G.A. MATEESCU, "Acumulatorul" Enterprise, Bucharest, Romania
Influence of Loading on Current Efficiency of PbO2 Formation
L. FRANKE, K. MICHAEL, A. ZIMMER, M. GELBKE, Dresden University of Technology
and VEB Berliner Akkumula-toren- und Elementenfabrik, DDR
The Energetic Coefficient in Lead-Acid Battery Positive
Plates
C.V. D'ALKAINE, M.A. SANTANNA DOS SANTOS, Grupo de Eletroquimica, DQ-UFSCar,
Sao Carlos, Brazil
L.A. AVACA, E.M. OLIVEIRA, Grupo de Eletroquimica, IFQSC/USP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Influence of the Electrolyte Temperature and the Positive
Plate Thickness on the Performance of a Lead-Acid Cell
N.F. COMPAGNONE, Industrie Magneti Marelli S.r.l., Romano di Lombardia, Italy
Calcium Products for Battery Grid Production
S.E. HLUCHAN, Quigley/Pfizer Company Inc., New York, USA
Alloys for Current-Carrying Bases of Sealed Batteries
M.A. DASOYAN, G.V. KRIVCHENKO, Accumulator Institute, Leningrad, USSR
A New Pb-Ca Alloy for Maintenance Free Lead-Acid Batteries
ZHAO SHUZHEN, LU YUANDUO, JIANG ZHIYUN, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,
Academia Sinica, Changchun, China)
Effect of Some Elements on the Performance of Lead-Antimony
Alloys for Lead-Acid Batteries
JIANG ZHIYUN, LU YUANDUO, ZHAO SHUZHEN, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,
Academia Sinica, Changchun, China)
Development of Low-Maintenance Alloys
W. GILLIAN, Pasminco Metals Pty. Ltd., Melbourne, Australia
Advances in Manufacturing Systems for Positive Tubular
Plates of Stationary/Traction Lead-Acid Batteries
W.E. FETZER, Accumulatorenwerke HOPPECKE, Brilon, FRG
X-ray Diffraction Studies of Basic Lead Sulphates
J.K. VILHUNEN, NESTE Oy, Corporate R & D, Porvoo, Finland
Processes at Curing of Negative Lead-Acid Battery Plates
S. RUEVSKI, D. PAVLOV, Central Laboratory of Electro-chemical Power Sources,
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
The Influence of the Separator and the Formation Electrolyte
Purity on the Parameters of Maintenance-Free Lead-Acid Batteries
V. KOUDELKA, CERNY, AKUMA, Mlada Boleslav, CSSR
Production Technology of Lead-Acid Batteries with Positive
Tubular Plates
J. KWASNIK, H. KRYSIAK, Central Laboratory of Batteries and Cells, Poznan, Poland
Some Scientific Fundamentals of Lead-Acid Cells
A.I. RUSIN, Accumulator Institute. Leningrad, USSR
Drying of Formed Negative Plates for Drycharged Traction
Batteries
M. MARINOV, "Energia" Battery Plant, Targovishte, Bulgaria
NEW APPLICATIONS
Lead-Acid Batteries in US Load Leveling Applications
D.S. CARR, ILZRO, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Operating the World's Largest Lead-Acid Battery Energy
Storage System
G.D. RODRIGUEZ, Southern California Edison Company, USA D.I. MORRIS, Electric
Power Research Institute, USA W.C. SPINDLER, D.S. CARR, ILZRO, Research Triangle
Park, USA
Lead-Acid Batteries in the Arctic Photovoltaic Systems
O. IKKALA, A. NIEMINEN, NESTE Oy, Corporate R & D, Porvoo, Finland
Improving the Performance of Lead-Acid Batteries in
Stand-Alone Power Supply Systems
W.G.A. BALDSING, J.A. HAMILTON, A.F. HOLLENKAMP, D.A.J. RAND, CSIRO Division
of Mineral Products, Port Melbourne, Vic., Australia
Improved Lead-Acid Batteries for Remote Area Power
Supply Systems
D.W.H. LAMBERT, CBS Batteries Ltd., Skelmersdale. Lancs., England
Recent New Batteries and New Technologies on Lead-Acid
Power Systems in Japan
A. KOZAWA, The IBA Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA
About Ginatta Electrolytic Plant for Lead Production
From Scrap Batteries
M. GINATTA, M.C. BAUDINO, GINATTA S.p.A., Torino, Italy
M. MAJA, N. PENAZZI, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
NEW LEAD POWER SYSTEMS
The Lead-Hydrogen Battery - A New Type of Sealed Battery
N.Y. LYZLOV, O.A. BURMISTROV, Accumulator Institute, Leningrad, USSR
Structure and Properties of Electrochemically Active
Thin PbO2 Films for Reserve Batteries
S. TABAT, A. NOWACKI, B. SZCZESNIAK, Central Laboratory of Batteries and Cells,
Poznan, Poland
EQUIPMENT
Barton Oxide Manufacturing Equipment
J. DIX, Linklater Corporation, Costa Mesa, Ca, USA
Automation and Rationalization of the Plate Stacking
Process for SLI, Traction and Stationary Batteries
A. SCHWETZ, ELBAK Batteriewerke GmbH, Graz, Austria
Totally Automatic Element Manufacturing Process for
Lead-Acid Battery Factories
H. LINDQVIST, A-Tekniikka Oy, Helsinki, Finland
Automated System for Temperature Controlled Formation
of Lead-Acid Batteries
B. KRAGIC, IHTM-ITR Center for New Energy Sources, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
P. RAKIN, Chemical Power Sources Institute, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Microprocessor Controlled Production Line High Rate
Testing with Data Collection and S.P.C. Evaluation of Results
D. BRANDT, Bitrode Corp., Fenton, Mo, USA
BATTERY TESTING
Microcomputer Assisted Testing System for Electro-chemical
Batteries
P. CRISTEA, R. TUDUCE, L. CAMPEANU, C. MIHAI, Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest,
Romania
MISCELLANEOUS
Fundamentals for Successful Cost Reduction
B. SZAKACS, Battery Technologies International, Clemmons, USA
Marketing Forecast - the Indian Scene
A. RAYCHAUDHURI, NICCO
Batteries, Delhi, IndiaBattery Industry in Turkey
M.N. TURKERI, Elektrosan Ltd., Ankara, Turkey
POSTERS:
A Multifunction Battery Test Equipment
D. TONCHEV, P. ANDREEV, Central Laboratory of Electro-chemical Power Sources,
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
On the Historical Development of the Lead-Acid Accumulator,
Especially in Europe
J. GARCHE, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, DDR |